Placing itself among recent scholarship on the Aztec pantheon and gender relations, my thesis aims to argue against long-held suppositions about the various female deities of Aztec religious practices. Much scholarship around Aztec religion and mythology has downplayed and simplified the roles played by Aztec female deities, suggesting that the majority – if not all – are essentially variations of a singular ‘earth mother’ goddess. In recent years, this understanding has been increasingly shown as an oversimplification stemming from colonial biases inherent in much of the source material surrounding this topic. Bringing together contemporary research and original analysis of native source material, this thesis will demonstrate the true complexity of the goddesses of the Aztec pantheon. In doing so, it will bring to the forefront valuable insight into the nature of gender and divinity in Aztec thought.